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The earthy aroma found in many cannabis strains can often be traced back to one terpene: myrcene. Common across a range of plants including mangoes, hops, thyme, and cannabis, myrcene has become known for its musky scent and subtle notes of spice or citrus.
During more than a decade working in the cannabis and hemp industry, I have seen how important terpenes are in shaping the character of different varieties. Myrcene, in particular, stands out for the depth it brings to a plant’s aroma and overall profile.
This article focuses on what myrcene is, where it appears in nature, and how it contributes to the scent and identity of cannabis. Drawing on research and first-hand experience, I will explain why myrcene remains one of the most recognisable elements in the cannabis industry.
Prefer watching over reading? This video covers the key points from the article:
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Key takeaways
- Myrcene is a widely occurring terpene found in plants like cannabis, mangoes, hops, and lemongrass, contributing to their distinct aromas.
- It plays a significant role in shaping the sensory profiles of cannabis strains, especially those with indica-dominant traits.
- Myrcene forms part of the broader terpene and cannabinoid profile often referred to as the 'entourage effect,' highlighting the complexity of plant-based formulations.
- This terpene is extensively used in industries like aromatherapy, perfumery, and personal care for its musky, earthy scent with citrus or herbal notes.
- Environmental factors and breeding techniques can affect myrcene concentrations in cannabis, contributing to the plant's aromatic and chemical diversity.
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Defining terpenes
Terpenes are a large group of organic hydrocarbons that share a common structure consisting of multiple isoprene units. They are produced by plants as secondary metabolites and play important roles in plant growth, development, and reproduction.
Over 20,000 different terpenes have been identified so far from various plant species, including lavender, lemon balm, rosemary, pine trees, and cannabis. The diverse array of terpenes found in plants creates a range of unique aromas and flavours that distinguish each species from one another.
For example, limonene gives lemons their characteristic citrus scent while linalool is responsible for the floral aroma of lavender flowers. These compounds not only add to the sensory experience but also serve as natural defence mechanisms against herbivores or harmful insects.
The role of terpenes in nature and everyday products
Terpenes serve vital functions that extend beyond their aromatic qualities. In plants, these compounds contribute to natural defence mechanisms, offering protection against herbivores and environmental stressors.
Research published in Microbiology Spectrum has also highlighted their role in shielding plants from certain bacteria and fungi, further supporting their importance in the plant kingdom.
Each terpene carries distinct characteristics that can influence how it interacts with other compounds within or outside of plant systems. For example, research has explored myrcene’s potential role in influencing plant compound interactions, particularly within the broader terpene and cannabinoid profiles
These interactions continue to be an area of interest for scientists and product developers exploring natural ingredient synergies.
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Myrcene: An overview
Myrcene is a naturally occurring terpene found in a diverse range of plants, including hops, thyme, lemongrass, mangoes, and cannabis. It is especially prominent in certain cannabis varieties, particularly those with indica-dominant traits.
Recognised for its earthy, musky aroma, myrcene often carries additional hints of citrus, cloves, or herbs, contributing to the complex scent profiles of many botanical products.
Classified as a monoterpenoid—comprising two linked isoprene units—myrcene bears the systematic name 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene. It has a molecular formula of C10H16 and a relative molecular mass of approximately 136.24 g/mol. Structurally, it features a chain-like arrangement with a six-carbon backbone and an unsaturated five-carbon tail.
Throughout history, plants rich in myrcene have been incorporated into various cultural practices, particularly in regions of South America and Africa. Today, myrcene continues to attract interest due to its aromatic qualities and its role in enhancing the sensory profiles of essential oils, botanical extracts, and fragrance compositions.
Its distinct structure and aroma contribute to its widespread use in industries such as aromatherapy, perfumery, and personal care, where plant-derived compounds are valued for their natural origin and olfactory appeal. The study of myrcene remains an area of ongoing exploration in botanical research and product development.
Furthermore, myrcene is recognised for its role in influencing the overall profile of cannabis plants, particularly through its interactions with other cannabinoids and terpenes.
These interactions contribute to the complex aromatic and sensory characteristics observed in different plant varieties. While ongoing research continues to examine the broader implications of such interactions, myrcene remains a focus of interest for its contribution to the distinctive qualities of botanical formulations.
The exploration of myrcene's role across various applications continues, with current studies offering promising insights into its relevance within plant-based product development.
Definition and chemical structure of myrcene
Myrcene derives its name from the Brazilian shrub, Myrcia sphaerocarpa, where it was first isolated in 1897. It has a pungent earthy aroma with hints of citrus and spice and can be found in several natural sources such as cannabis, hops, thyme, bay leaves, lemongrass, and mangoes.
The chemical structure of myrcene consists mainly of two methyl groups attached to the carbon chain near the end closest to the tail. This gives it its distinctive odor profile that can be described as musky or herbal with undertones ranging from fruity to minty depending on the concentration.
Common sources of myrcene in nature
Myrcene is widely distributed across various plant species, contributing to their distinct aromatic profiles. Some key sources include:
- Hops (Humulus lupulus)
- Mangoes (Mangifera indica)
- Cannabis (Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica)
- Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Myrcene’s presence across these diverse sources highlights its significance in the aromatic makeup of many plants. Its role in influencing scent profiles continues to attract interest in areas such as perfumery, aromatherapy, and botanical research.
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Interaction with other cannabinoids and terpenes
One of the notable characteristics of myrcene is its contribution to the collective interaction of various compounds within cannabis plants, a phenomenon often referred to as the entourage effect.
This concept describes how multiple plant-based compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, work together to create a combined influence that differs from the effects of individual components.
Myrcene interacts with both cannabinoids and other terpenes, such as pinene and limonene, playing a key role in shaping the overall sensory and aromatic experience associated with specific cannabis profiles.
These interactions contribute to the complexity and richness of the plant's characteristics, influencing scent, flavour, and user experience in non-consumable applications like aromatherapy and topical products.
The exploration of myrcene’s interactions within the broader matrix of plant compounds remains an area of ongoing scientific interest, particularly in understanding how these relationships can influence product development across various industries.
The high levels of myrcene found in certain cannabis strains
Myrcene is one of the most abundant terpenes found in cannabis, and its levels can vary depending on the strain. The highest concentrations of myrcene are typically found in indica strains, which are known for their relaxing and sedative effects.
Some indica strains can contain up to 60% myrcene by weight. Sativa strains, on the other hand, tend to have lower concentrations of myrcene and are known for their energising and uplifting effects.
The reason for these differences is not fully understood, but it is thought that environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil quality may play a role. Additionally, certain breeding techniques can be used to increase or decrease the concentration of specific terpenes like myrcene.
Influence on the aroma and flavour profile of cannabis
Myrcene has a distinct aroma that is often described as earthy or musky with notes of citrus or tropical fruit. This aroma profile is often associated with indica strains that contain high levels of myrcene. When present in lower amounts, it can still contribute to a strain's overall aroma but may be less noticeable.
In addition to its distinctive aroma profile, myrcene also contributes to the flavour profile of cannabis strains. The terpene has been described as having a slightly sweet taste with hints of spice or cloves.
Role in determining the effects and potency of different strains
While much research remains to be done on how different terpenes interact with cannabinoids like THC and CBD to produce specific effects, there is evidence to suggest that myrcene plays a role in determining a strain's potency and effects.
One theory suggests that high levels of myrcene can increase the permeability of cell membranes in the human body, allowing for faster absorption of cannabinoids like THC. This could potentially lead to more potent and longer-lasting effects.
Additionally, myrcene has been found to have sedative properties and may contribute to the relaxing effects commonly associated with indica strains. Some research has also suggested that myrcene may have analgesic properties, making it potentially useful in treating chronic pain.
The future of myrcene research in cannabis
While much remains to be explored regarding how myrcene interacts with other compounds in cannabis, early research highlights its significance within ongoing studies of the plant’s complex makeup.
As regulations continue to evolve and research opportunities expand, our understanding of how different strains and terpene profiles influence the overall characteristics of cannabis is expected to deepen.
With its distinctive aroma and its contribution to the sensory profile of cannabis varieties, myrcene remains a key focus within botanical and scientific research. Its importance in this field ensures that it will continue to receive attention in future studies.
Personal perspective
Myrcene is a terpene present in a wide variety of plants, including cannabis, hops, and mangoes. As highlighted throughout this article, myrcene plays a significant role in contributing to the aromatic and sensory qualities of these plants.
In cannabis, myrcene interacts with other cannabinoids and terpenes, influencing the overall profile of the plant—a phenomenon often referred to as the entourage effect. This interaction shapes the complex characteristics that define different cannabis strains.
Looking ahead, there are promising avenues for continued research on myrcene. Future studies may offer deeper insights into the mechanisms behind its interactions within plant systems and its influence on the sensory attributes of various botanical products.
In particular, research exploring how varying concentrations of myrcene across different cannabis strains impact their overall profiles remains an area of interest. By expanding the understanding of how terpenes like myrcene interact with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, researchers may contribute to the development of more refined plant-based products.
Although much remains to be learned, myrcene continues to stand out as a compelling focus for scientific exploration, both for its unique aromatic signature and its role in shaping the broader qualities of plant-derived formulations.
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This article was one of my many expert articles about terpenes. Click here to see my other articles about terpenes, cannabinoids and cannabis.
Frequently asked questions
What is myrcene?
Myrcene is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in various plants, including cannabis, hops, lemongrass, mango, and thyme. It is best known for its earthy, musky aroma with subtle spicy and herbal undertones, and it is among the most common terpenes found in cannabis varieties.
What is myrcene believed to do?
Myrcene has been traditionally linked with a sense of calm and relaxation, particularly in the context of aromatherapy. It is also thought to play a role in the so-called “entourage effect”, a term used to describe the potential synergy between terpenes and cannabinoids such as THC and CBD.
What are the common uses of myrcene?
Myrcene is widely utilised in perfumery, aromatherapy, and cosmetic products thanks to its pleasant and distinctive scent. It is also found in various plant-based extracts and oils that are used in traditional wellness practices.
Is myrcene safe to use?
Myrcene is listed as “Generally Recognised as Safe” (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food and cosmetic products. It is typically well-tolerated, although higher concentrations may cause drowsiness or mild skin irritation in some people.
What does myrcene smell and taste like?
Myrcene has an earthy, musky aroma, often complemented by hints of cloves, herbs, and fruits such as mango or grape. It contributes significantly to the characteristic scent and flavour profile of many cannabis strains.
Which plants contain myrcene besides cannabis?
In addition to cannabis, myrcene can be found in hops, lemongrass, mangoes, thyme, bay leaves, and some citrus fruits. These plants are commonly used in cooking, teas, essential oils, and natural product formulations.
Is myrcene more common in indica or sativa cannabis strains?
Myrcene is often more concentrated in indica or indica-dominant cannabis strains, which are typically associated with more grounded and mellow experiences. Nonetheless, sativa and hybrid strains may also feature notable amounts of myrcene.
Why do people choose products containing myrcene?
Myrcene-rich products are often selected for their aromatic properties, particularly by those who appreciate relaxing and earthy scents. In aromatherapy, these products are sometimes incorporated into routines designed to create a calming atmosphere.
Are there any considerations when using myrcene-rich products?
Myrcene is generally well-regarded for topical or aromatic use, but products with high concentrations—particularly those involving cannabis—may have a sedative-like effect for some individuals. It’s sensible to begin with small quantities, especially if unfamiliar with its effects.
How does myrcene interact with other compounds in cannabis?
Myrcene is believed to work in combination with other terpenes and cannabinoids, influencing the aroma, flavour, and overall sensory experience. This interaction is commonly referred to as the “entourage effect”, although the exact mechanisms are still under scientific study.
