What is CBG (Cannabigerol)?

CBG, short for Cannabigerol, is gaining increasing attention in cannabinoid research for its unique role within the cannabis plant. Unlike THC, CBG is non-intoxicating and does not produce psychoactive effects, making it a subject of interest for those exploring cannabinoids with different characteristics.

Often referred to as the "mother cannabinoid," CBG serves as the chemical precursor from which other cannabinoids, including CBD and THC, are synthesised as the plant matures. At Formula Swiss, we closely follow developments in cannabinoid science to provide accurate and well-researched information. 

Building on the foundational work of researchers such as Gaoni and Mechoulam, recent studies continue to explore CBG’s profile and its relevance within both scientific and consumer contexts. 

In my experience following cannabinoid research, CBG plays a key role in the early stages of cannabinoid development within the cannabis plant.

It acts as a starting point for the formation of other compounds like CBD and THC, making it a relevant area of study. Clear information about CBG helps support accurate understanding in a field that continues to evolve.

What is CBG oil?

Key takeaways

• CBG, or Cannabigerol, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in hemp and cannabis plants.
• Identified by researchers Gaoni and Mechoulam, CBG is considered the precursor to other cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD.
• CBG oil has gained traction as a natural supplement, offering potential health benefits.
• Unlike THC, CBG is non-intoxicating, making it more appealing for therapeutic applications.
• Research into the potential benefits and applications of CBG is ongoing and expanding.

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not relate to any of the products available in our webshop. For more information, please see our full disclaimer.

A brief history of cannabigerol

The history of Cannabigerol, or CBG, is closely tied to the early days of cannabinoid research and the work of two pioneering Israeli chemists, Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam. In the 1960s, their investigations into the chemical makeup of the cannabis plant led to the identification and isolation of CBG—an important milestone that helped open the door to a deeper understanding of cannabinoids and their development.

CBG was later recognised as the precursor molecule from which other well-known cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, are synthesised during the plant’s growth. This unique role in the biosynthesis process has earned CBG the informal title “the mother of all cannabinoids.”

As scientific interest in cannabis expanded, researchers continued to explore the chemical pathways and biological roles of CBG. While much remains under investigation, CBG’s structural and functional position within the plant has made it a key point of reference in cannabinoid research.

The foundational work of Gaoni and Mechoulam remains central to how CBG is understood today. Their early contributions provided a basis for further study into the cannabis plant’s complex composition and the processes by which cannabinoids are formed.

What makes cannabigerol (CBG) distinct

Cannabigerol (CBG) stands out among the many naturally occurring cannabinoids in the cannabis plant due to its central role as a precursor to other well-known compounds, including THC and CBD. This section outlines what distinguishes CBG and explains how it is formed and extracted.

CBG originates from a compound known as cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which appears in higher concentrations in younger cannabis plants. As the plant matures, CBGA is converted by natural enzymatic processes into other cannabinoid acids—specifically, THCA and CBDA—which eventually become THC and CBD when heated or processed.

Because most CBGA is converted into other cannabinoids during plant growth, only small amounts of CBG remain in mature plants, making its extraction more complex and often requiring selective breeding or harvesting at earlier stages.

CBG is non-psychoactive and does not produce intoxicating effects. From what I’ve observed, this has contributed to its appeal in both scientific and commercial contexts, particularly where there is interest in compounds that interact with the body’s natural systems without producing a “high.”

In recent years, high-CBG hemp strains have been developed to support ongoing research and further study of its distinct properties.

The process of CBG extraction

Extracting CBG typically involves isolating the compound from young cannabis plants, which contain higher levels of its acidic precursor, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). As the plant matures, CBGA is largely converted into other cannabinoids, making early harvesting key to obtaining usable amounts of CBG.

One widely used method for refining CBG from plant material is chromatographic separation, a technique noted in research by Citti et al. and Wang et al. Other common methods include CO₂ extraction, which is valued for its ability to preserve cannabinoid integrity without leaving solvent residues.

How is CBG oil made?

The chemical structure of CBG

The molecular structure of Cannabigerol (CBG) plays a crucial role in its interactions with the human body's endocannabinoid system.

Over the years, researchers have examined the molecular composition of CBG, offering valuable insights into its structure and how it may interact with various receptors in the body.

Key developments in cannabinoid chemistry were made by researchers such as Hanuš et al., who successfully mapped the molecular configuration of CBG. Their work has contributed to a broader understanding of how CBG may engage with both cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid receptors.

“CBG is the non-acidic form of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), which serves as the parent molecule from which other cannabinoids are synthesised.” — Hanuš et al.

These molecular characteristics can be further explored by examining the chemical structure of CBG. Its molecular formula is C₂₁H₃₂O₂. While it shares structural similarities with other cannabinoids such as CBD and THC, it also displays important differences that influence its behaviour.

Key structural features of CBG include

• Molecular composition: CBG contains a cyclohexene ring, whereas CBD contains a benzene ring
• Double bond configuration: The positioning of the double bond in the cyclohexene ring differs between CBG and THC
• Functional groups: Variations in the functional groups contribute to CBG’s distinct characteristics compared to other cannabinoids

As noted by Pertwee and collaborators, the specific molecular composition of Cannabigerol has contributed to ongoing research into its interactions within biological systems.

CBG compared to other cannabinoids

When comparing cannabinoids, much attention is often given to the distinctions between CBG, CBD, and THC. While all three are derived from the cannabis plant, their chemical structures and interactions with the body’s natural systems distinguish them from one another.

This section outlines the key similarities and differences between these cannabinoids.

While THC is known for producing psychoactive effects, both CBG and CBD are non-psychoactive and do not cause intoxication. However, they differ in how they interact with cannabinoid receptors, which can influence their observed biological activity.

Research by Navarro et al. and Cascio et al. has demonstrated that CBG and CBD engage differently with these receptors, reflecting their unique characteristics within the broader cannabinoid profile.

"CBG and CBD are both non-psychoactive; however, they differ in their affinity for cannabinoid receptors."

In my experience following cannabinoid research, understanding these distinctions is important for advancing scientific discussions and supporting informed decision-making.

As research continues, recognising both the differences and commonalities among cannabinoids like CBG, CBD, and THC contributes to a more complete understanding of their roles in cannabis science.

What are cannabinoids?

Scientific interest in the potential of CBG

Recent research has increased interest in how CBG may interact with biological systems, sparking curiosity within the scientific community. While definitive conclusions have not yet been established, preliminary studies have begun to explore CBG’s characteristics and potential biological activities.

Italian researcher Francesca Borrelli and colleagues conducted a study indicating that CBG showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in preclinical models. Their findings, based on studies in mice, suggested that CBG could influence inflammatory responses in experimental settings.

Additionally, Spanish researcher Xavier Nadal and his team examined how CBG affected neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Their research reported reductions in certain markers linked to inflammation and stress responses, contributing to further interest in CBG’s biological interactions.

Although these early studies are encouraging, most of the current data comes from laboratory or animal models. More comprehensive research, including human studies, is required to determine how these findings may translate to broader contexts. Areas of ongoing investigation include:

• Glaucoma
• Inflammatory responses
• Neurodegenerative processes
• Antimicrobial properties
• Oncology-related research

In my experience following cannabinoid research, the expanding body of CBG studies highlights the importance of continued exploration while maintaining careful scientific evaluation. Individuals considering cannabinoid products are encouraged to stay informed and consult healthcare professionals regarding any use in personal routines.

----Recent research has shed light on the potential health benefits of CBG and its therapeutic effects, sparking interest and curiosity in the scientific community and beyond.

Though definitive conclusions have yet to be reached, preliminary studies suggest that CBG may offer various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Italian researcher Francesca Borrelli and her colleagues discovered in their research that CBG demonstrated promising potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Their study found that CBG could reduce inflammation in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease, hinting at CBG's possible application for human patients in the future.

“Cannabigerol (CBG) demonstrated extremely potent actions…thus representing a possible therapy for inflammatory bowel disease." - Borrelli et al., 2013.

Furthermore, Spanish researcher Xavier Nadal and his team conducted a study exploring the neuroprotective effects of CBG on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Their research found that CBG could reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which could help preserve the health and function of neurons in the brain.

While these preliminary studies offer intriguing insights into CBG's potential benefits, it is essential to note that more comprehensive human CBG research is needed to substantiate these findings. Current investigations are focusing on the potential of CBG for various conditions, such as:

• Glaucoma
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's and Alzheimer's)
• Cancer
• Antimicrobial treatments

The potential health benefits of CBG are undoubtedly of great interest to researchers, practitioners, and consumers alike. As the scientific community conducts further studies, the therapeutic potential of Cannabigerol may be better understood and more broadly applied.

However, it's essential to stay informed and consult with a healthcare professional when considering integrating CBG into one's wellness routine.

What are the benefits of CBG oil?

Current research on CBG

Recent studies on CBG have primarily focused on its pharmacokinetics, its potential to treat specific medical conditions, and its role in the endocannabinoid system. CBG current research has involved the examination of its effects on various cell lines, receptors, and biological pathways.

Cannabigerol studies, such as those conducted by Waldstein et al., suggest a wide range of potential therapeutic effects that warrant further investigation through clinical trials.

In addition to its broader applications, CBG has garnered significant attention due to exciting findings in specific illnesses. Some of the areas where CBG is being researched include:

1. Anti-inflammatory properties
2. Antioxidant effects
3. Neuroprotection
4. Anti-bacterial activity

Scientists are increasingly examining CBG's potential for use in the context of cannabinoids in medicine, seeking to better understand its interaction within the endocannabinoid system and various receptor sites. This line of research is crucial for determining the viability of CBG as a therapeutic agent for medical conditions.

“Cannabigerol (CBG) is a promising therapeutic cannabinoid that has shown potential effects in various medical conditions. However, more research is needed to better understand its mechanisms of action and establish its safety and efficacy in clinical settings.”

Interaction with receptors and potential benefits

A study highlights that CBG interacts weakly with cannabinoid receptors (CBR1 and CBR2) and is the most potent ligand of transient receptor potential (TRPV1) among phytocannabinoids.

This study also notes CBG's unique interaction with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT 1A) and its potential neuroprotective role in Huntington’s disease, effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and capability to reduce eye pressure in glaucoma without psychotropic side effects.

Anti-Inflammatory and skin health properties

Another study titled "In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis" discusses CBG's broad range of anti-inflammatory properties and benefits for skin health.

This research points towards the therapeutic potential of CBG in skincare and inflammation management.

Reduction of inflammation, pain, and obesity

A study on novel CBG derivatives indicates their ability to reduce inflammation, pain, and obesity. This study underlines the growing interest in CBG due to its various therapeutic benefits.

Effects on pulmonary inflammation

Research focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of CBG and CBD, both alone and in combination, in a model of pulmonary inflammation induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study contributes to understanding how CBG could be beneficial in treating inflammatory lung conditions.

Nausea and vomiting relief

The role of CBG in relieving nausea and vomiting has been explored, with findings indicating that CBG can block CBD-induced anti-nausea effects in animal models. This aspect of CBG's pharmacology is detailed in the Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies, 2017.

Despite the encouraging findings so far, CBG research is still in its early stages and involves mostly pre-clinical studies. Clinical trials with larger human samples are necessary to better comprehend CBG's effects, safety, and optimal dosages for specific conditions.

Furthermore, in order to establish CBG's place in the field of medicine, more extensive research comparing its effects with other well-known cannabinoids such as THC and CBD will also prove beneficial in shaping our understanding of this intriguing compound.

CBG holds immense potential in the realm of therapeutics. As scientific research continues to explore and validate its uses and effects, we can anticipate a growing interest in this valuable cannabinoid and its applications within medicine.

CBG in consumer products

As interest in the potential benefits of CBG continues to grow, so does the range of CBG products available on the market. In this section, we explore the various types of consumer-grade Cannabigerol (CBG) products and provide guidance on choosing quality CBG products that are safe and effective.

Varieties of CBG products on the market

CBG products come in a variety of forms, catering to different preferences and needs. Some popular types of CBG products include:

• Tinctures
• Gummies
• Capsules
• Topicals

These products can be found in diverse concentrations and formulations, offering flexibility in terms of dosage and application methods. To complement the CBG market growth, manufacturers are continuously working on developing new product lines to meet consumer demand.

Buy CBG oil here.

Choosing quality CBG products

When it comes to CBG, product quality and safety should be top priorities. The unregulated nature of the market can make it challenging to find reliable and effective products. To ensure you select a high-quality CBG product, consider the following factors:

1. Third-party testing: Look for products that have undergone third-party lab testing, which helps verify the purity and potency of the CBG product.
2. COAs (Certificates of Analysis): Reputable brands usually provide COAs on their websites or upon request, detailing information on the product's cannabinoid profile, contaminant testing, and other relevant parameters.
3. Product origin and cultivation: The quality of the hemp source plays a significant role in determining the quality of the final product. Opt for products made from organically grown hemp that adheres to strict cultivation standards.
4. Extraction methods: The extraction process used for isolating CBG can affect the product's quality. CO2 extraction is often considered superior due to its ability to produce clean and high-quality CBG without the use of harsh solvents.

By paying close attention to these factors and conducting thorough research on available products, you can make informed decisions when choosing CBG products to incorporate into your daily routine.

How to use CBG

Integrating CBG into your wellness routine can be a personalised experience based on individual goals, tolerance, and preferred consumption methods.

Whether you are seeking potential anti-inflammatory effects, neuroprotection, or other proposed benefits, starting with small dosages and gradually increasing as required can help tailor your experience to your own needs.

Using daily CBG in various forms, such as oils, edibles, capsules, or topicals, offers flexibility in incorporating this cannabinoid into your health regimen. 

With advancements in research and market development, it is likely that CBG products will become more accessible and tailored to individual needs, further enhancing their utility within the wellness sphere.

How much CBG oil should I use?

The future of CBG

With ongoing research and technological advances, the future of CBG appears to be promising. Innovations in CBG extraction technology and synthetic Cannabigerol are shaping the industry, leading to more efficient production and greater accessibility. In this section, we will discuss notable breakthroughs in the field and forecast the potential growth of the CBG market.

Recent developments in CBG extraction technology and cannabinoid biosynthesis have optimized the production process, reducing costs and increasing the availability of this valuable compound.

Researchers like Taura et al. and Gagne et al. have explored innovative techniques to improve the extraction and synthesis of CBG, leading to a more sustainable and cost-effective supply chain for both medical research and consumer products.

"Innovative methods in CBG extraction and synthesis are driving a more efficient production process, making CBG more accessible to consumers and researchers alike."

These innovations are expected to reshape the CBG landscape, ultimately leading to enhanced product offerings and increased demand for this emerging cannabinoid.